Joris Hoefnagel (1542–1600)

• Was a Flemish painter, printmaker, miniaturist, draftsman and merchant.

• He received a comprehensive humanistic education.

• He spoke, in addition to his native Dutch, several languages.

• According to Karel van Mander he received his first art lessons from Hans Bol.

• He lived from 1560 to 1562 in France, he resided from 1563 to 1567 in Spain.

• He made various sketches of places in Spain and was particularly fascinated with Seville.

• He returned to Antwerp in 1567.

• Joris Hoefnagel married Suzanne van Onchem in 1571.

• After the Sack of Antwerp by Spanish troops during the Eighty Years War in 1576, Joris Hoefnagel left his hometown.

• He traveled in 1577, accompanied by his friend the cartographer Abraham Ortelius, along the Rhine via Frankfurt, Augsburg and Munich to Venice and Rome.

• He lived in Munich for about eight years and worked at the court of the Bavarian dukes Albert V and William V.

• He also went to work for Emperor Rudolf II, first residing in the city of Frankfurt am Main.

• He worked in his final years in Vienna but made regular visits to Prague.

• He is known for his landscapes, emblems, miniatures, grotesques, topographical drawings, genre scenes, and mythological and allegorical drawings and paintings.

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